USEFUL AND HARMFUL ENTOMOFAUNA IN THE APPLE ORCHARD, WHICH IS MAINTAINED IN VARIOUS PEST CONTROL SYSTEMS

In 2021-2022 , measures were taken to control the state of entomofauna of apple orchards grown under biological, complex and chemical protection conditions in Almaty region. In total, 43 pests belonging to 27 relatives were registered in the garden, where biological control was carried out. In the garden, where complex and chemical control was carried out, 35 and 26 species compositions were recorded. Apple fruit Beetle - Cydia pomonella, is the main pest of all apple orchards in Almaty region. Other pests with a high density in gardens with complex protection measures are apple moth – Hoplocampa testudinea, tortoiseshell butterflies and weevils : Phyllobius oblongus, Rhynchites bacchus and R. aequatus. The population of aphids , leafhoppers, Epicometis hirta and leafhoppers has increased periodically.In total, 30 predators belonging to 4 orders and 7 families were found. Biological protection there were too many useful insects in the orchard. In total, 30 predatory parasites belonging to 4 orders and 7 families were found. The Blood Maiden beetle has played an important role as the highest population density and natural regulators of the number of small pests.7 parasites belonging to the family Hymenoptera have been found to be the most important natural regulators of aphids ,flycatchers, and leafhoppers. The population density of useful insects in the complex protection garden was low, but their importance as a natural pest control was high. In chemically treated Gardens, insecticide treatment reduces the number of pests and beneficial insects. Before carrying out chemical treatment , it is necessary to know the phenphase of biologically useful insects. The lack of natural regulators can lead to an increase in the population density of leafhoppers , aphids and other pests.