APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Nazerke Ashimkhan; Timur Rafikov; Aizhan Zhildikbayeva; Zhandos Mukaliyev; Arailym Doktyrbek; Toleubek Pentaev

doi:10.37884/4-2025/48

Abstract

In the context of Kazakhstan’s ongoing digital transformation, the development of geo-portals based on geospatial databases has become a strategic direction for improving the efficiency and transparency of spatial data management. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using geographical databases in the design and implementation of geo-portals and to propose methodological approaches for building a unified geoinformation environment in the country. The research employed platforms such as QGIS, ArcGIS Pro, PostgreSQL/PostGIS, and Leaflet, enabling the integration and visualization of administrative, hydrographic, agricultural, and infrastructural data layers. Emphasis was placed on adherence to open standards (e.g., OGC WMS/WFS, ISO-compliant metadata), role-based access control, and scalable deployment patterns suitable for multi-departmental use. The proposed geo-portal architecture combines data processing, analysis, and visualization workflows, provides near real-time access to spatial information, and incorporates data-quality assurance (topology checks, schema validation), caching, and logging for performance and auditability. Evaluation included interoperability testing with regional and national GIS systems, response-time benchmarking under load, and user acceptance testing with domain experts. The results demonstrate that the application of geodatabases significantly enhances interoperability across platforms, improves discoverability and reuse of authoritative datasets, and contributes to the digital transformation of land management, environmental monitoring, and spatial planning processes in Kazakhstan. The study concludes with practical recommendations on governance, data lifecycle management, and technology stack selection to support sustainable, secure, and extensible geo-portal implementations.

geographic information systems (GIS) land resources land monitoring spatial analysis QGIS land management East Kazakhstan region

01 Introduction

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02 References

1. Rafikov, T., Yerbolkyzy, M., & Zhildikbayeva, A. (2024). Otsenka sostoyaniya rastitel’nosti Vostochno-Kazakhstanskoy oblasti s ispol’zovaniem NDVI. Izdenister, natigeler, 1(101), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2024/18 [in Russian]
2. Zhumataeva, Zh., Serikbayeva, G., Turganaliev, S., Mukaliyev, Zh., & Rafikov, T. (2024). Povyshenie ekologo-ekonomicheskoi effektivnosti ispol’zovaniya zemel’nykh resursov. Izdenister, natigeler, 2(102), 360–369. https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2024/35 [in Russian]
3. Sadenova, M., et al. (2024). Assessing the effectiveness of remote sensing, GIS, and AI data integration for sustainable agriculture: A case study from Kazakhstan. Sustainable Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00625-4
4. Goodchild, M. F., & Li, W. (2021). GIScience and big data: The challenge of spatial data in the era of machine learning. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 90, 101687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101687
5. Goodchild, M. F. (2019). Geography and geographic information science: An evolving relationship. The Canadian Geographer, 63(4), 530–539. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12554
6. Haklay, M., & Weber, P. (2008). OpenStreetMap: User-generated street maps. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2008.80
7. Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W. (2015). Geographic information science and systems (4th ed.). Wiley. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Geographic%2BInformation%2BScience%2Band%2BSystems%2C%2B4th%2BEdition-p-9781119128458
8. Kraak, M.-J., & Ormeling, F. (2020). Cartography: Visualization of geospatial data (4th ed.). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9780429464195
9. Li, S., Dragicevic, S., & Veenendaal, B. (Eds.). (2020). Advances in web-based GIS, mapping services and applications (2nd ed.). CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Advances-in-Web-based-GIS-Mapping-Services-and-Applications/Li-Dragicevic-Veenendaal/p/book/9781138117815
10. QGIS Development Team. (2025). QGIS geographic information system [Computer software]. QGIS Association. https://www.qgis.org
11. Esri. (2023). Best practices for system architecture — ArcGIS Enterprise. Environmental Systems Research Institute. https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/11.2/deploy/windows/best-practices-for-system-architecture.htm
12. Esri. (2023). Work with services — ArcGIS Enterprise [Documentation]. Environmental Systems Research Institute. https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/11.0/install/windows/services-in-arcgis-enterprise.htm
13. Craglia, M., & Annoni, A. (2020). Digital Earth vision and spatial data infrastructures: Pathways for integration. International Journal of Digital Earth, 13(8), 950–971. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1762093
14. Abdrakhmanov, T., Serikbayev, K., & Tuleuov, A. (2023). Implementation of GIS technologies for land monitoring in Kazakhstan. Bulletin of KazNARU, 2(94), 77–84. https://kaznaru-bulletin.kz (journal homepage)
15. Batyrkhanova, D., & Akhmetova, A. (2022). Development of a national geoportal for open spatial data in Kazakhstan. KazNU Bulletin. Earth Sciences Series, 1(59), 41–50. https://bulletin.enu.kz/ (series homepage)
16. Biekša, K. (2016). The evaluation of cereal farms using the ecological footprint method. Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development, 38(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.15544/mts.2016.16
17. Hurni, L., & Sieber, R. (2023). The evolution of geographic information science: From desktop mapping to cloud-based geoportals. International Journal of Digital Earth, 16(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2172763
18. Zhang, C., & Li, W. (2021). Web GIS: Principles and applications. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/ (publisher portal)

Citation Links

[1]2025. APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler. 4 (108) (Dec. 2025), 470–480. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/48.

(1)APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler 2025, No. 4 (108), 470-480. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/48.

APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN. (2025). Izdenister Natigeler, 4 (108), 470-480. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/48

APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], n. 4 (108), p. 470–480, 2025. DOI: 10.37884/4-2025/48. Disponível em: https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1137. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.

“APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN”. 2025. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 4 (108) (December): 470-80. https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/48.

“APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN” (2025) Izdenister natigeler, (4 (108), pp. 470–480. doi:10.37884/4-2025/48.

[1]“APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN”, Izdenister natigeler, no. 4 (108), pp. 470–480, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.37884/4-2025/48.

“APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN”. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 4 (108), Dec. 2025, pp. 470-8, https://doi.org/10.37884/4-2025/48.

“APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN”. Izdenister natigeler, no. 4 (108) (December 30, 2025): 470–480. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1137.

1.APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2025 Dec. 30 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];(4 (108):470-8. Available from: https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1137

1.APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATABASES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEO-PORTALS IN KAZAKHSTAN. Izdenister natigeler. 2025;(4 (108):470-480. doi:10.37884/4-2025/48

[1] 1. Rafikov, T., Yerbolkyzy, M., & Zhildikbayeva, A. (2024). Otsenka sostoyaniya rastitel’nosti Vostochno-Kazakhstanskoy oblasti s ispol’zovaniem NDVI. Izdenister, natigeler, 1(101), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2024/18 [in Russian]

[2] 2. Zhumataeva, Zh., Serikbayeva, G., Turganaliev, S., Mukaliyev, Zh., & Rafikov, T. (2024). Povyshenie ekologo-ekonomicheskoi effektivnosti ispol’zovaniya zemel’nykh resursov. Izdenister, natigeler, 2(102), 360–369. https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2024/35 [in Russian]

[3] 3. Sadenova, M., et al. (2024). Assessing the effectiveness of remote sensing, GIS, and AI data integration for sustainable agriculture: A case study from Kazakhstan. Sustainable Computing Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00625-4

[4] 4. Goodchild, M. F., & Li, W. (2021). GIScience and big data: The challenge of spatial data in the era of machine learning. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 90, 101687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101687

[5] 5. Goodchild, M. F. (2019). Geography and geographic information science: An evolving relationship. The Canadian Geographer, 63(4), 530–539. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12554

[6] 6. Haklay, M., & Weber, P. (2008). OpenStreetMap: User-generated street maps. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 7(4), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2008.80

[7] 7. Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W. (2015). Geographic information science and systems (4th ed.). Wiley. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Geographic%2BInformation%2BScience%2Band%2BSystems%2C%2B4th%2BEdition-p-9781119128458

[8] 8. Kraak, M.-J., & Ormeling, F. (2020). Cartography: Visualization of geospatial data (4th ed.). Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.1201/9780429464195

[9] 9. Li, S., Dragicevic, S., & Veenendaal, B. (Eds.). (2020). Advances in web-based GIS, mapping services and applications (2nd ed.). CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Advances-in-Web-based-GIS-Mapping-Services-and-Applications/Li-Dragicevic-Veenendaal/p/book/9781138117815

[10] 10. QGIS Development Team. (2025). QGIS geographic information system [Computer software]. QGIS Association. https://www.qgis.org

[11] 11. Esri. (2023). Best practices for system architecture — ArcGIS Enterprise. Environmental Systems Research Institute. https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/11.2/deploy/windows/best-practices-for-system-architecture.htm

[12] 12. Esri. (2023). Work with services — ArcGIS Enterprise [Documentation]. Environmental Systems Research Institute. https://enterprise.arcgis.com/en/server/11.0/install/windows/services-in-arcgis-enterprise.htm

[13] 13. Craglia, M., & Annoni, A. (2020). Digital Earth vision and spatial data infrastructures: Pathways for integration. International Journal of Digital Earth, 13(8), 950–971. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2020.1762093

[14] 14. Abdrakhmanov, T., Serikbayev, K., & Tuleuov, A. (2023). Implementation of GIS technologies for land monitoring in Kazakhstan. Bulletin of KazNARU, 2(94), 77–84. https://kaznaru-bulletin.kz (journal homepage)

[15] 15. Batyrkhanova, D., & Akhmetova, A. (2022). Development of a national geoportal for open spatial data in Kazakhstan. KazNU Bulletin. Earth Sciences Series, 1(59), 41–50. https://bulletin.enu.kz/ (series homepage)

[16] 16. Biekša, K. (2016). The evaluation of cereal farms using the ecological footprint method. Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development, 38(3), 207–218. https://doi.org/10.15544/mts.2016.16

[17] 17. Hurni, L., & Sieber, R. (2023). The evolution of geographic information science: From desktop mapping to cloud-based geoportals. International Journal of Digital Earth, 16(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2023.2172763

[18] 18. Zhang, C., & Li, W. (2021). Web GIS: Principles and applications. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/ (publisher portal)