No. 4 (96) (2022): Research, results

An important step in increasing the genetic potential of productivity of farm animals together with marker-associated breeding activities for veterinary medicine is the use of genetic markers of resistance to bacterial infections. At the same time, due to the diagnosis of infectious diseases, including chlamydia, using modern techniques, analysis of treatment costs and associations of polymorphisms resistant to chlamydia, reduction of losses from mortality, abortions and selection of sick animals, the profitability of the farm increases. In this work, chlamydia infection was diagnosed in the studied animals, animal genotypes were determined, and the frequency of mutations in these animals was analyzed, the association of each individual polymorphism with resistance to bacterial infections was analyzed. As a result of the research work, the genotypes of animals in the research groups were identified. The biological models of these animals are monomorphic in bTLR4-BstU1 and bTLR6-Tag1 polymorphisms. For this reason, two polymorphic genes MBL1-HaeIII and LTF-Ecori were included in the study, which were associated with bacterial infections of cattle; it was also found that the frequencies of genotypes observed in the group of animals infected with chlamydia have statistically significant deviations from theoretically expected in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg law. According to TLR9-BfaI polymorphism, a large number of TLR9-BfaIAG heterozygotes are observed, and according to LTF-EcoRI-LTF-Ecoriab heterozygotes, which characterizes a decrease in the resistance of the TLR9-BfaIAG and LTF-EcoRIAB genotypes to chlamydia; TLR9-Bfaiaa and MBL1-Naeiiiss hepotypes were identified as a genetic marker of high resistance to chlamydia; TLR9-BfaIAG and MBL1-Naiiyix genotypes have been identified as a genetic marker of a high risk of chlamydia.

The article presents the data of 4 experimental groups of 12 bulls formed. Bulls and castrates of the factory Shagatai type of Kazakh white–headed cattle were assigned to I and II, and descendant animals obtained from crossing Shagatai cows with bulls of the Ural Hereford were assigned to III and IV groups. The article describes the determination of the natural resistance of the organism in experimental groups of Kazakh white-headed bulls of different genotypes. The table shows the indicators of bactericidal activity of blood serum, lysozyme activity of blood serum, beta-lysines.          

To determine the nonspecific immunity of experimental bulls, blood was taken from the jugular vein in the morning before feeding the animals.

The natural resistance of farm animals to various adverse environmental influences is provided by non-specific protection factors that are present in the body from the first day of life and persist until the death of the animal. Among them, phagocytosis with its protective cellular mechanism and humoral resistance factors play a decisive role, the most important of which are lysozyme, opsonin, complement and properdin. A feature of natural resistance, in contrast to immunity, is the body's ability to inherit non-specific protection factors.

The reference values for biochemical parameters in blood serum of the zhabe type Kazakh horse are presented in this article. To obtain reference biochemical parameters, whole blood samples of 50 clinically healthy adult zhabe-type horses of both sexes and raised on the free pasture of the "Kalka" farm in Zhambyl region, Shu district, Baluan Sholak, were examined on an automatic biochemical analyzer A15 (Biosystems, Spain). Biochemical results of zhabe type horses were close to the established normal indicators. The levels of enzymes of the hepatobiliary system (aspartate amintransferase, alkaline phosphatase), triglyceride content in horses of the zhabe type were 3-5 times higher than normal. Lower concentrations of albumin and zinc were found (22.22±3.67 g/l and 4.86±1.49 mmol/l, respectively), as well as creatinine concentrations within the lower normal values (77.84±14.19 mmol/L). Therefore, reference intervals of biochemical blood parameters (albumins, total protein, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, creatinine, bilirubin, triglycerides, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, alkaline phosphatase, alanine amintransferase and aspartate amintransferase) were determined for the zhabe type horse in the conditions of the Southern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, typical for the normal course of metabolic processes in the body.

The article presents the results of a comparison of isolation methods during SNP genotyping of cattle. Successful genotyping depends on obtaining DNA from samples in sufficient quantity and quality to carry out molecular reactions. Three methods of nucleic acid extraction were used in the work. The method of isolation using a commercial PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) showed the highest degree of yield and purity of nucleic acids. When DNA was isolated from the hair follicles of cattle with the PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit, the average DNA concentration in the samples was 151.78 ng/ml, DNA extraction with the DNA-sorb-B kit was 21.51 ng/ml and the phenol-chloroform method corresponded to 175.08 ng/ml. The extracted animal DNA was later used for genotyping by the SNP method. Most of the evaluated extraction methods allowed amplification of a significant amount of DNA. The results of genotyping in samples isolated using PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit compared to other samples showed 100% amplification of products. Of the methods tested in this study, extraction with this set was the most effective in terms of further DNA detection.

The scientific research work focuses on determining the immunogenic activity of the vaccine «Rhabdovac^®» against animal rabies in industrial settings.

The primary objective of this study is to determine the immunogenic properties of the anti-rabies vaccine «Rhabdovac^®» by conducting industrial tests on animals, in order to evaluate the immunogenic activity of the vaccine based on its ability to induce the production of antibodies via the anti-rabies viral neutralization reaction.

During the research, the inactivated liquid vaccine «Rhabdovac^®», against animal rabies, was vaccinated once to 5 sheep aged 4-12 months (test protocol No. 33, 07/14/2019) at the livestock farm of the research and production enterprise «Antigen». Vaccine «Biocan-R» was used as a reference for comparative determination of the result and was vaccinated to 5 sheep aged 4-12 months. 5 healthy, unvaccinated sheep were used as controls. Sheep were checked for rabies antibodies prior to the study. Also in our subsequent study, we examined the dynamics of titer in the virus immunogenic activity neutralization response over a period of 12 months following subcutaneous administration of the «Rhabdovac^®» vaccine with immunogenic activity of 2.0 IU/ml to four 2-5 months-old dogs in the vivarium of the scientific and production enterprise «Antigen» (test protocol No. 29, 07.02.2020).

As a result of the research, the immunogenicity of the rabies vaccine «Rhabdovac^®» on animals in industrial conditions was determined by the virus neutralization reaction.

In this article, sanitary treatment of nipples of dairy cows after milking is carried out, a domestic disinfectant preparation is developed, aimed at the prevention of subclinical mastitis and the results of studies in a production environment to determine the effectiveness of the drug. Currently, many dairy farms in the country are implementing modern technologies to increase milk, and many measures are being taken. The main goal of all farms is to increase the volume of raw materials, meet the needs of our population and increase profits. That is why all farms in the country are engaged in the production of competitive products.

Keep in mind that the quality of processed products depends on the quality of raw milk. As you know, subclinical mastitis is one of the factors that affect the quality of milk produced. It was found that domestic medicines aimed at preventing this disease are far superior to foreign medicines («Blockade», «Vet Clean I-Film»). It has been proven that the drug we developed can significantly reduce the degree of bacterial contamination and microbial contamination of the udder nipples, which leads to significant bacteriological protection. It was also found that it negatively affects the process of penetration of microorganisms through the udder nipples.

This article presents the results of scientific research for 2015-2020 on breeding, seed production and cultivation technology of perennial forage grasses. Scientific research was carried out on the experimental field of LLP " Kokshetau Experimental Production Farm " (Akmola region, Zerenda district, Chaglinka village), located in the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan.

Scientific research is aimed at increasing the productivity and sustainability of perennial forage grasses in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan and to offer the production of specific species and varieties.

While carrying out the research the methods of setting field experiments generally accepted in agronomy were used, laboratory experiments were carried out in accredited laboratories on modern equipment according to established methods and standards.

The objects of research are various types of perennial fodder grasses.

Conducted scientific and production experiments have shown that in order to improve or create cultivated hayfields and pastures on unproductive saline lands, it is best to use grass mixtures with the obligatory inclusion of sweet clover in the components of the culture. The melilot grass-field farming system allows not only to preserve soil fertility, but also, due to the positive balance of organic matter, increases the humus content. The results of the study allow us to recommend the production of varieties of perennial grasses with high productivity and resistance.

The area of application of the results is the fodder production of Northern Kazakhstan.

This article presents the results of scientific research for 2019-2022 to study the effect of coumarin content in sweet clover on drought and pest resistance and to determine the method of harvesting sweet clover for feed that reduces the coumarin content.

Scientific research was carried out on the experimental field of LLP " Kokshetau experimental production farm" (Akmola region, Zerenda district, Chaglinka village), located in the steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan.

Scientific research is aimed at determining the effect of coumarin on the resistance of sweet clover to drought and pests, as well as to reduce the high concentration of coumarin in the leaf mass to safe limits.

While carrying out the research the methods of setting field experiments generally accepted in agronomy were used, laboratory experiments were carried out in accredited laboratories on modern equipment according to established methods and standards.

The object of research is yellow sweet clover.

Conducted scientific and production experiments have shown that the cultivation of yellow sweet clover varieties with a high concentration of coumarin is an effective method of protecting plants from dry conditions and pests, as well as haying with different temperature conditions reduces the concentration of coumarin and increases the nutritional value of the feed.

The results of the study allow us to recommend the production of highly productive, drought-resistant, and pest-resistant varieties of yellow sweet clover with a high content of coumarin with a feed preparation with a safe concentration of coumarin for animals.

The area of application of the results is fodder production and animal husbandry in Northern Kazakhstan.

Forestry institutions are currently gradually introducing GIS technologies. With the use of GIS technology and digital data processing, Kazakh Forestry Enterprise is doing a lot of work to collect data on the First Forest Fund, on the accounting of districts, etc., transfer the collected data to institutions, commissioning.At the same time, electronic media are replacing the old paper tablets. Geographic information systems (GIS) are a key element of the effective and operational solution of many scientific, practical and managerial tasks due to the visual presentation of data and a variety of tools for their analysis. The use of GIS technologies makes it possible to combine into a single structure a large volume of cartographic and thematic information, including remote sensing data (satellite images), field research, engineering research, monitoring, various types of economic activities, document management.

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