No. 1 (89) (2021): Research, results

The scientific article presents the duration of acaricidal effect of “Kenem” drug, and its economic feasibility for protecting cattle against ixodic ticks. As a result of the study, the acaricidal efficacy and the duration of the residual acaricidal effect of drugs are important components in the planning of anti-tick measures. From a practical point of view, the economic feasibility of treating cattle against ixodic ticks in the presented conditions of acaricides in the southern regions is considered important. Despite the fact that the cost of the drug per 100 head exceeds the cost of a similar drug by 1 788.15 tenge, the frequency of its use is less, and additional installations are not required. This is due to the long duration of residual acaricidal effect of Kenem, which is 30 days, which allows to reduce the number of therapeutic measures.
When calculating the economic feasibility for the use of acaricides to protect cattle against ixodic ticks, the most convenient way to prevent the sucking of ixodic ticks to animals is the local application of Kenem, which does not require special equipment and special skills of technical staff. Drug duration is 30 days, therefore the cost of its use for the entire season of active ticks per 1 animal is 44% cheaper, compared to veteran, i.e. 1,421.4 tenge.

The article presents research data on the content of vitamins, minerals and fatty acid composition of fish meat grown in the pools of "ASYL TAS ENGINEERING" LLP in the Almaty region using local shungite mineral feed additives. Studies were conducted comparing samples taken from fish, African catfish when using a feed additive based on the local mineral shungite and African catfish when feeding with a mineral feed mixture. During the study, it was found that the increased content of vitamins A, E, B2, C in the meat of African catfish when using a feed additive based on the local mineral shungite, as well as the content of vitamins B1, PP, B was lower, further minerals were found that the amount of sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and iodine is greater, and potassium and zinc are less. And it was also found that the amount of fatty acids is greater.

Unlike the digestive system of animals, the digestive system of rabbits belonging to the group of fur-bearing animals has its own characteristics. Rabbits find it difficult to digest food rich in fiber, since their stomachs are single-chamber and the stomach volume is 190-200 ml. And one of the glands involved in digestion is the pancreas.
The pancreas (pancreas) is the second largest gland after the liver. The pancreas is an exocrine and endocrine gland with bilateral function, that is, it can also be called an extramural digestive gland. Exocrine cells produce mucus containing digestive enzymes that break down lipopolymers (lipase), proteins (trypsin, erepsin, proteases), carbohydrates (amylase) into monomers that are absorbed into the blood and lymph. This digestive juice travels into the duodenum through three main excretory tubes (ducts).
The quality of rabbit meat is also known for its value, great taste, health and nutritional value, as well as a dietary product from rabbit liver. Its calorie content does not exceed 165 kcal per 100 grams of product, that is, 100 grams of rabbit liver contains 19 grams of protein, only 10 grams of fat and absolutely no carbohydrates.

Horse breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the constituent parts in agricultural production in general and in animal husbandry in particular. In the last 10-15 years, with the change in the farming system, many farms of the republic began to breed horses.
The article describes the pathomorphological changes that develop in horses with alfortiosis. 12 horses with alfortiosis in the pasture were examined. The diagnosis was made with integrated approach: on the basis of the analysis of anamnestic data and the results of a pathomorphological examination.
It was found that there were dark red spotted hematomas and abscesses on the diffusely reddened and swollen peritoneum. The largest number of hematomas was noted in the ventral and dorsal parts. Curved or elongated red and milky colored larvae of the parasite appear through the serous membrane. In the large intestine migrating larvae were found in the sub-serous membrane and in the intestinal wall. Post-mortem changes in the parenchymal organs were characterized by signs of circulatory disorders and dystrophic changes. Histologically edema of the mucous membrane was found in the large intestine, and in its deep layers was revealed a pronounced diffuse lymphocytic-eosinophilic infiltration.

The article presents the results of studies related to the study of the effect of the "Kostoprav" premix on the productive indicators of broiler chickens. According to the research results, it was revealed that the use of this premix in the composition of compound feeds had a positive effect on the growth and development of young meat poultry. Thus, broiler chickens of the 2nd experimental group showed better growing results compared to their analogues. Stimulation of internal reserves of the body allowed to increase the live weight of broiler chickens of the 2nd experimental group by 8,9-32,0% compared to the 1st and 3rd groups, respectively. According to the average daily growth, the chickens of the experimental group also exceeded their counterparts from other groups by 9,2 and 17,5%, respectively. Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in the 2nd experimental group amounted to 1,81 kg, which is 3,7% less than in the 1st control group. Thus, the inclusion in the diets of broiler chickens of the "Kostoprav" premix in the amount of 1,25 kg per 1 hundredweight of mixed feed leads to an increase in productivity, the safety of livestock and a reduction in feed costs for obtaining a unit of production. According to the meat qualities, the grade of carcasses, as well as the chemical and mineral composition of the meat of broiler chickens met the requirements of the current standard.

Along with such factors as improving the safety, improving the quality of feed, daily rations, optimizing the conditions of keeping poultry, various feed additives are widely used. The effect of such additives is due to their regulatory influence on the intensity of the processes of digestion and use of feed nutrients, which makes it possible to purposefully control these processes. The article presents the results of research on the use of the regulatory complex «Bypass» in feeding broiler chickens by growth and development periods. The regulatory complex «Bypass» normalizes energy metabolism (a set of organic acids involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle), activates liver activity (hepatoprotector, flavonoids), stimulates the functioning of the intestines (probiotic components) increases enzymatic activity (vitamins) and enriches the poultry body with a complex of amino acids. A number of studies have revealed that «Bypass» perfectly replaces the functions of artificial amino acids in the body, especially methionine. It helps to improve the metabolism of poultry with the elimination of metabolic disorders, which leads to an extension of the productivity period and an increase in regulatory indicators. As a result of the conducted studies, it was noted that the presence of this complex in mixed feeds has a positive effect on the viability and dynamics of growth and development of poultry. The replacement of standard amino acids with the regulatory complex «Bypass» (group 3) allowed us to unlock the genetic potential of broiler chickens of the «Ross-308» cross and get maximum productivity results.

Common bunt (Tilletia caries (D.C.) Tul. & C. Tul) widespread disease of winter wheat. Common bunt is found in all regions of the world where wheat is grown. In the years of epiphytotics, it leads to a decrease in wheat productivity and a deterioration in its quality. To achieve the goal, the study used several methods. These are: Wheat inoculation with Tilletia caries (D.C.) Tul. & C. Tul used the method of A.I. Borggard-Anpilogov, the plant biomass index (NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetative Index) was measured using a Green Seeker device (Trimble Navigation Limited, USA). When evaluating infected samples with the pathogen Tilletia caries (D.C.) Tul. & C. Tul, the Koishibaev scale was used. The resistance of 21 Hungarian wheat varieties to the pathogen Tilletia caries (D.C.) Tul. & C. Tul in the Almaty region. As a result of the study, 7 wheat varieties were found to be highly resistant to the disease.These varieties are: Békés, Szemes, Rege, Rába, Ati, Pilis and Vitorlás. As a result of calculating the biomass index (NDVI), the indicator of 6 NDVI genotypes was high. In the results of structural analysis, the varieties Pilis, Rege and Rába showed high resistance in four identical traits. The earliest were 4 wheat varieties. These varieties can be recommended for breeding as donors of smut resistance.

The article presents the results of studying collection samples of lentils in the conditions of semi-secure bogara and irrigation of the Almaty region. Data on the stages of development and signs of lentil productivity are given. Samples of lentils were selected for productivity elements and technological efficiency in semi-secured bogara and in the conditions of the irrigated zone.

In the modern conditions, demand for agricultural products is its significant value in processed form as well as availability for all segments of the population.
Biochemical components – the amount of dry matter and starch is the most important, they determine the quality of the processed product. In this direction, breeding work was carried out and variety samples containing valuable biochemical components that determine the quality of the product were selected.
The friability of potatoes depends on the ratio of amylase and amylopectin, the components of starch. In addition, the friability and good taste of potatoes are determined by the presence of large starch grains. Darkening of boiled potatoes is a non-enzymatic darkening caused by the interaction of amino acids with sugars and chlorogenic acid with iron-containing compounds.
As a result of experimental work on a set of indicators for processing into chips, the following varieties were selected: Fedor (8.9 points), Maksat (8.8 points), Eden (8.6 points), Senim (8.4 points).
The process of obtaining starch is mainly carried out using a large amount of water. Here, an important role is played by the deposition rate of starch grains, which depend on the size. Larger starch grains reduce the removal in the production process, increase the yield of starch.

This research work to date involves the cultivation of a subtropical evergreen vegetable-olive tree to produce high-quality vegetable oil, which is in high demand. The scientific and practical interest in the adaptation and acclimatization of wood in the soil and climatic conditions of the region was presented and is a priority area of research. In the article, for the first time on the basis of crop rotations in the South of Kazakhstan are the products of the European olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a 12-140C cold-hardy biennial varieties of the Italian state Leccino and Frontoio, Turkey-annual varieties Arvelina that are resilient to climate change. In a greenhouse LLP "Olives" planted - 586 units in the field - 14 pieces European olive trees. Of these, 31 specimens destroyed their viability under the influence of various abiotic and biotic causes, in particular, the duration of the cold and frost period. The total number of trees for the winter was 408 pieces, of which 102 pieces of annual shrubs were frostbitten by 5-8 cm. The number of trees with the formation of new stems from the root neck with the frostbite of all the bushes of the upper layer of the Earth was 206. It was found that two varieties of trees brought from Italy are able to adapt to the soil-estuarine conditions of our region, and the variety of Arvelino seedlings brought from Turia slows down to adapt. It was found that, depending on the given doses of fertilizers, the number of stems and the formation of leaves of exotics in the variant of applying 20-20-20 mineral fertilizers prepared with complex mixtures, and 20-20-20 mineral fertilizers prepared with complex mixtures mixed with humate, were higher than in other variants.

Grafting of five varieties of pumpkin on a cucumber hybrid was carried out by the method of notch grafting. As rootstocks used the following varieties of pumpkin: domestic - Aphrodite, Karina, Mindalnaya, Mozoleevskaya 10 and Russian selection - Stofuntovaya; as scion, a hybrid of cucumber Asylum, recommended for cultivation in protectedground conditions. The research topic is devoted to the study of the influence of pumpkin rootstocks resistant to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum on the productivity of the cucumber hybrid F1 Asylum planted in spring-summer rotation in selection greenhouse. The varieties Mozoleyevskaya 10, Stofuntovaya and Karina were selected as resistant rootstocks to Fusarium ochysporum pathogen for further work. The results of investigation of grafting influence on phenological growth, development, yield and quality of fruits of hybrid cucumber Asylum showed that grafting on pumpkin were the best variants in comparison with rooted standard; that is the varieties Karina and Stofuntovaya exceeded standard in early yield by 3, 46 and 3, 39 kg/m2 by 36,7% and 33,9% accordingly. The total productivity of grafting variants of pumpkin varieties Karina and Stofuntovaya exceeded the rootstock standard by 42,38% and 36, 68%.

This article describes the features of growing and developing corn hybrids grown using drip irrigation technology in the south-eastern region of the country. During the growing season, changes in the content of nutrients in the soil, the biomass of maize hybrids grown with various biological fertilizers under drip irrigation, the structural analysis of hybrids, photosynthetic activity, grain moisture, and the yield of maize hybrids for grain were studied according to the experimental variants. The average daily temperature of corn during the growing season was 3160.7°C. During the growing season, 458 mid-late maize hybrids received solar energy up to 1485 MJ / m2. As a result, this affected the accumulation of 151.62 c / ha of dry biomass. Due to the long growing season of the French hybrid LG 305.00, the input of solar radiation made it possible to create a dry biological mass of 248.76 kg / ha, the maximum amount of energy-1576 MJ / m2. The optimal agrochemical parameters of the soils were determined. During the growing season, it is considered optimal in the presence of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen-52-68 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus-47-57 mg/kg, variable potassium-318-386 mg/kg, since with such indicators of nutrients, the specified corn crop was obtained-9.0-12.9 t/ha.

The article presents the most common rice pests in the conditions of the Kyzylorda region in 2020. In this regard, a scale for assessing the species composition and intensity of damage to rice pests found in the region was presented, as well as data on crop rotation. In Kazakhstan, the Kyzylorda region is one of the largest rice fields and is one of the most favorable rice growing regions. In general, in the territory of the region during the growing season, the temperature above +10°C ranges from 3700-4100°C. Many changes in the process of its growth depend on the temperature of the air, soil and water in the crop. With an increase in temperature, the growth rate of rice accelerates, the distance between the stages of development is reduced, thereby accelerating the entire growing season of rice. Therefore, the heat reserves determine how suitable a particular land is for sowing rice. Based on the temperature conditions in it, you can also predict the quality and yield of future rice. In the Kyzylorda region, rice varieties Coral, Avangard, Solnechny, Ushtobe and Kuban are widespread. The volume of rice cultivation is growing every year, and it will have to use saline lands for culture. Due to the violation of the water regime in rice fields, elements of some agricultural activities taking place in rice fields go wrong, as a result of which the yield decreases by 35-70%, and losses from pests and diseases reach from 15% to 30%.The death of the shore fly 20 days after the treatment of rice seeds with the treatment of Yunta, k. s. -1.5 l / t and 1.75 l/t (insecticide) was 55.6-63.6%, the biological efficiency on the rice mosquito was 57.0 – 63.0%.

In industrial production around the world, natural rubber is in great and increasing demand. Natural rubber is an important raw material for the rubber-technical industry; it is used in the manufacture of a wide range of goods – footwear, clothing, surgical gloves, tires for aircraft and cars, and other products. The main source for the world market is the plantations of the tropical tree hevea (Hevea brasiliensis), located in the tropical climate zone of the countries of Southeast Asia. However, due to the excess of demand for natural rubber in the world market over the possibilities of its supply, it is generally recognized the need to introduce an additional source of high-quality natural rubber into the culture – the Kazakh dandelion kok-saghyz (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin). Kok-sagyz is introduced into culture in the temperate climate zone, where the tropical Hevea tree does not take root. Kazakhstan needs an early ripening variety of kok-saghyz for cultivation in the South and Southeast of Kazakhstan and for harvesting root and rubber in the first year. An ecological plastic population of three ecotypes of kok-saghyz artificially created by the Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (Almaty) can serve as a starting material for creating an early ripening variety of kok-saghyz. Thus, in 2019 the forms of kok-saghyz were selected in the amount of 105 out of the total 514 planted plants with the largest roots (till 30 to 41.4 grams) and a high content of rubber (up to 22.4% on dry root weight) in experimental field conditions.

The article presents the results of a study of land use in the branches of fruit and vegetable growing. The analysis of the structure of land use in fruit growing by categories of farms in the context of regions of South Kazakhstan was carried out, the estimated level of efficiency of the fruit growing and vegetable growing industry was determined in terms of gross and marketable output. The method of intensive technology for growing fruits in the Enbekshikazakh district of the Almaty region, as well as the advantages of innovative technologies, especially the drip irrigation system, are considered.

The article provides information about the subspecies, biological characteristics, distribution area, systematization in science of saigas living in the betpakdala and Ural populations of saigas living in the Almaty Zoo, the distribution of saigas living in the country, the growth of saigas in zoos around the world and the solution of problems arising in their breeding. Methods of manual rearing of saigas, adaptation of behavior to the environment, features of feeding, differences in behavior are considered in detail. Almaty zoo is a member of the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums, such as ERAZA, WAZA, SEAZA. The main methods of studying animal behavior are constantly being used in zoos, including new methods of managing ungulate behavior have been developed. Almaty zoo elaborated on the behavior of constantly growing saigas, including the actions of males and females during reproduction, the importance of smell in the life of saigas, mutual sound, rest, sleep, place of noise in life, changes in the behavior of saigas in general, changes in their reflex of protection from humans, ignoring the approach of humans. We touched on the research of zoo staff, who are conducting more and more research on the main requirements of fencing in the breeding of saigas.

The article presents the features of silo vacuuming in the conditions of farming on a mobile

tractor unit. The main disadvantages of traditional making silage, such as silo in a trench, in a tower and in clamp, as well as the advantage of vacuum silage in limited volumes in a flexible container, are presented. To ensure ensilage in vacuumed flexible containers, it is more acceptable to use a mobile unit that will allow you to perform the task of silage from under the combine into flexible vacuumed containers of limited volume. In this paper, we consider a mobile unit based on a grain wagon 2 PTS-6 for preparing silage in flexible containers in the field. The mobile unit in question consists of standard equipment and a developed device in the form of a mobile platform. The evacuated silage mass in a limited volume is stored with zero losses and solves the problems of transporting silage mass in any volume. Today for implementation this purpose there are no technical means. The aim of the work is to develop a tractor transport unit with the layout of the necessary technical means for vacuuming a limited volume of silage mass. The use of this transport unit is advantageous for a livestock enterprise, since the silage mass is compacted by vacuum (and not by mechanical means) and the means are easily dismantled.

The article considers the issues of increasing fertility in the agricultural system, taking into account the ecological and meliorative state of irrigated regions and methods for optimizing models of soil fertility modernization. From the analysis of the above materials, it is established that under the influence of vegetation, the number and qualitative composition of microorganisms changes, and, consequently, the intensity of the processes in which they participate. Such changes in soils are the result of the interaction of plants and microorganisms that determine the degree of development and nutrition of agricultural crops. In this regard, we believe that there is a need to study the microflora of the rhizosphere to develop techniques that favorably affect its development and composition, to improve plant nutrition and obtain high yields, taking into account the energy resources of a particular area.

Studies have established that the content of humus formed as a result of diverse and complex physical and chemical processes contributed to the improvement of the water-physical and chemical properties of the soil of the experimental site. The studied crops allowed an increase in the humus content in the arable layer from 1.43 to 1.75%. In the arable layer, the total nitrogen was 0.088-0.112, phosphorus 0.110 - 0.153%.

Studies revealed that the structure formation of the natural environment, the level of humification of the soil (MP), which shows that the maximum number of factors affecting soil formation process, focused on the level of the landscape area and the geographic area described by the following expression:

Mr= (0,42 RL + 0,15 ß +0,09 Sn + 0,09 TV + 0,08 WB + VB 0,04+0,04 OS + Mor 0,03+0,03 gr)*0,1 μ;