Login | Register
Kazakh National Agrarian Research University ISSN 2304-3334 (Print)  ·  ISSN 2304-3334 (Online)
submit an article
Menu
submit an article
AGRICULTURE, AGROCHEMICAL, FEED PRODUCTION, AGROECOLOGY

PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION

Zhenis Keishilov 1 , Alma Kokhmetova 2 , Yerlan Dutbaev 3 , Madina Kumarbayeva 2 , Fahim Şehzad Baloch 4

1 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan;; 2 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 3 Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; 4 Çukurova University, Institute of Applied Science, Field Crops, Adana, Türkiye

doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09 pp. 83-92 Admitted 06.01.2026 Published 27.02.2026

Abstract

To improve wheat yield, it is crucial that varieties exhibit tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought, as well as resistance to biotic threats, including leaf rust (Puccinia recondita). Leaf rust is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in Kazakhstan, causing yield losses of up to 40–60% during epidemic years, particularly in the northern and central regions. The aim of this study was to conduct a phytopathological assessment under natural field conditions to evaluate the resistance of 52 spring wheat lines cultivated in the Almaty region to leaf rust and drought stress.The phytopathological assessment revealed nine accessions exhibiting an immune reaction (IT-0) to leaf rust. These included the following genotypes: line 22 ChS, Lutescens 30, Lutescens KS 14/09-2, Lutescens 1300, Sibirskaya 21, OmGAU-100, Lutescens 3/04-21-11, Tyumenskaya Yubileynaya, Lutescens 443, and Silach. Based on biomass assessment, 38 accessions were selected with high normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values ranging from 0.55 to 0.69. Two accessions, Novosibirskaya 41 and Erythrospermum 24841, were distinguished by early heading. Structural analysis identified seven accessions with greater plant height (75–85 cm). Spike length measurements showed that three accessions had spike lengths exceeding 10 cm. Seventeen accessions were characterized by a high number of spikelets per spike, contributing to the formation of large spikes. Based on the number of grains per main spike, 20 accessions showed average values, while 23 accessions exhibited a high grain number. Thirteen accessions demonstrated the highest grain weight per main spike, exceeding 1 g. The maximum thousand-kernel weight (42 g) was recorded in the wheat accession Stepnaya 245. Overall, the results indicate that under the conditions of the Almaty region, the majority of spring wheat accessions are susceptible to leaf rust. Therefore, the use of leaf rust-resistant accessions is recommended for wheat production.

spring wheat, field culture, abiotic stress, drought, biotic stress, phytopathology, leaf rust, NDVI, disease, resistance.

01 Introduction

The full text of the article is available for download in PDF format on the right panel.

02 References

  1. Бахытұлы Қ., Кохметова А.М., Кеишилов Ж.С., Малышева А.А., Мухаметжанов К.С. (2024). Генетика-селекциялық және фитопатологиялық зерттеу күздік бидай сорттарының қоңыр татқа (Puccinia triticina) төзімділігін анықтау // Ізденістер, нәтижелер – Исследования, результаты. ― А. №3 (103). Pр. 322–331. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2024/36 [in Kaz]
  2. Cho E J. Ch S., Kang J-U., Jung Y. M., Park.Yoon Ch.S. (2015). Allelic Variation of Rht-1, Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 in Korean Wheats and Its Effect on Agronomic Traits // Plant Breeding and Biotechnology; 3: Pр. 129–138. doi.org/10.9787/PBB.2015.3.2.129. [in Eng]
  3. Chu D., Lu L., Zhang T. (2007). Sensitivity of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to seasonal and interannual climate conditions in the Lhasa area // Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. Vol. 39. No. 4. Pр. 635–641. https://doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(06-116)[CHU]2.0.CO;2 [in Eng]
  4. Huerta-Espino J., Singh R.P., Germán S., McCallum B.D., Park R.F., Chen W.Q., Bhardwaj S.C., Goyeau H. (2011). Global status of wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina // Euphytica. Vol. 179. Pр. 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-011-0361-x [in Eng]
  5. Кеишилов Ж.С., Кохметова А.М., Кумарбаева М.Т., Нұржұма М.Н., Бахытұлы Қ. (2025). Мониторинг распространения и развития болезни пиренофороза (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) яровой пшеницы в северных областях Казахстана // Ізденістер, нәтижелер – Исследования, результаты. ― А. №2. Pр. 121–131. https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2025/12 [in Kaz]
  6. Койшибаев М. (2018). Болезни пшеницы / ― Анкара. 394 с. [in Russ]
  7. Койшыбаев М. (2012). Особенности распространения особо опасных болезней пшеницы в Казахстане, устойчивость сортов и внутривидовое разнообразие патогенов // Иммуногенетическая защита сельскохозяйственных культур от болезней. Теория и практика. ― М., Большие Вяземы, С.118-126. [in Russ]
  8. Koishybayev M.K., Zhanarbekova A.B., Kokhmetova A.M., Rsaliev Sh.S. (2010). Genetic study of wheat resistance to leaf rust // Bulletin of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. No. 6. Pр. 10–15. [in Kaz]
  9. Kokhmetova A. Rathan N.D., Sehgal D., Malysheva A., Kumarbayeva M., Nurzhuma M., Bolatbekova A., Krishnappa G., Gultyaeva E., Kokhmetova A., Keishilov Z., Bakhytuly K. (2023). QTL mapping for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe and leaf rust in two winter wheat populations Front. Genet. 14:1265859. P. 1–17. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1265859. [in Eng]
  10. Kumarbaeva M., Kokhmetova A., Keishilov Zh., Bolatbekova A., Bakhytuly K., Kovalenko N. (2025). Identification of new sources of wheat resistance to various diseases // Ізденістер, нәтижелер – Исследования, результаты. ― А. No. 3. Pр. 314–324. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2025/30 [in Kaz]
  11. Малышева А.А., Кохметова А.М., Кумарбаева М.Т., Кейшилов Ж.С., Дубекова С. (2023). Молекулярно-генетический скрининг Lr-генов устойчивости у образцов мягкой яровой пшеницы в условиях юго-востока Казахстана // Ізденістер, нәтижелер – Исследования, результаты. ― А. №3 (99). С. 92–99. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2023/08 [in Kaz]
  12. McIntosh R.A., Wellings C.R., Park R.F. (1995). Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0083-0 [in Eng]
  13. Rsaliyev S. Gultyaeva E., Baranova O., Kokhmetova A., Urazaliev R., Shaydayuk E., Abdikadyrova A., Abugali G. (2025). Characterizing the Genetic Basis of Winter Wheat Rust Resistance in Southern Kazakhstan // Plants, P 14, 1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14071146. [in Eng]

Citation Links

[1]2026. PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler. 28, 1(109) (Feb. 2026), 83–92. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09.
(1)PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler 2026, 28 (1(109), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09.
PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. (2026). Izdenister Natigeler, 28(1(109), 83-92. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09
PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], v. 28, n. 1(109), p. 83–92, 2026. DOI: 10.37884/1-2026/09. Disponível em: https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1171. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.
“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION”. 2026. Izdenister Natigeler 28 (1(109): 83-92. https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09.
“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION” (2026) Izdenister natigeler, 28(1(109), pp. 83–92. doi:10.37884/1-2026/09.
[1]“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION”, Izdenister natigeler, vol. 28, no. 1(109), pp. 83–92, Feb. 2026, doi: 10.37884/1-2026/09.
“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION”. Izdenister Natigeler, vol. 28, no. 1(109), Feb. 2026, pp. 83-92, https://doi.org/10.37884/1-2026/09.
“PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION”. Izdenister natigeler 28, no. 1(109) (February 27, 2026): 83–92. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1171.
1.PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2026 Feb. 27 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];28(1(109):83-92. Available from: https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1171
1.PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF RESISTANCE OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT GENOTYPES TO ABIOTIC STRESS – DROUGHT AND BIOTIC STRESS –BROWN RUST (PUCCINIA RECONDITA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION. Izdenister natigeler. 2026;28(1(109):83-92. doi:10.37884/1-2026/09