No. 3 (95) (2022): Research, results

At the moment, there is considerable concern about the spread in the world of epizootics of the avian influenza virus. Influenza virus has the highest genetic variability and the likelihood of new strains that can create large epidemics. The evolution of the influenza virus proceeds very quickly, therefore, the paramount task of the researchers is antigenic mapping of hemagglutinin subtypes, as well as identifying the characteristics of the antigenic structure. X-ray crystallography is a commonly used method for determining the three-dimensional structure of a protein.

The purpose of these studies was to obtain vector constructs for the expression of the protein of the first subunit of influenza A virus for further expression in the bacterial system.

As a result of the studies, specific primers for amplification of the first subunit of hemagglutinin gene were synthesized. When designing oligonucleotides for the greatest specificity, all the criteria for primers for PCR were taken into account. The restriction endonucleases NcoI and XhoI were chosen for primers, the sites of which are absent in the sequence of the gene itself and are present in the multiclonal region of the plasmid. Also, in the course of the studies, a genetic construct was obtained for the expression of the first subunit of hemagglutinin protein in E. coli cells. The obtained recombinant protein will be used for further work on crystallography and three-dimensional modeling of the protein.

This article presents the results on the circulation of conditionally pathogenic microflora and the effectiveness of disinfection measures carried out with the disinfectant "Polyphag" in the slaughter house of LLP "Kordai-Invest".

The purpose of the work is to study the species composition of conditionally pathogenic microflora circulating on various surfaces in the slaughter point of Kordai-Invest LLP of the Barys-3 food market and conduct approbation scientific and production experiments with a new disinfectant "Polyphag" at this facility.

RIBSP has developed a new disinfectant "Polyphage" based on a consortium of bacteriophages.

As a result of the analysis of the circulation of conditionally pathogenic microflora, a large accumulation of microorganisms on the floor and walls was noted, relatively less on the drinkers. The air microflora is within the microflora, but it is sufficiently concentrated 71,1x103 CFU/m3. BGCP was found in all flushes from the surfaces of walls, floors, tables and windows.

The conducted approbation scientific and production experiments with a 10% solution of the disinfectant "Polyphag" showed that it has bactericidal properties, i.e. complete 100% destruction of microorganisms in the premises of test facilities contaminated with a sanitary-indicative test microorganism of the 1st group of E.Coli-1257 resistance.

The results of the study of disinfection modes allow us to recommend the disinfectant "Polyphagus" for disinfection of meat and milk processing enterprises.

The article presents the results of a study of the growth dynamics of the Aberdeen Angus breed by the genes of the somatotropic cascade (growth hormone (bGH), growth hormone receptor (bGHR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (bIGF-1).

The work was carried out in the Department of Molecular Genetic Research of the Research Institute of Applied Biotechnology of A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University and in the laboratory of Biotechnology and Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases of Zhangir Khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian Technical University. The object of the study was the animals of the Aberdeen-Angus breed (n=200), bred in the «Север Агро-Н» LLP of the Kostanay region. Animal genotypes by polymorphisms bGH-AluI, bGHR-SspI, and bIGF-1-SnaBI were established by PCR-RFLP. Based on the results of genotyping, groups of animals were formed taking into account the genotypes of the bGH, bGHR, bIGF-1 genes, and groups of animals were formed taking into account paired combinations of their genotypes (diplotypes). Signs were studied in cattle: live weight at the ages of 9, 12, 18 and 24 months, absolute and average daily gains.

It was found that in the group of animals of the Aberdeen Angus breed, the diplotypes bGH-AluI^LL-bIGF-1-SnaBI^AA, bGH-AluI^LL-bIGF-1-SnaBI^BB, and bGH-AluI^VV-bIGF-1-SnaBI^BB are the most preferred since they are associated with increased growth rates. The results obtained indicate the undesirability of the bGH-AluI^LV genotype, as well as combinations of the bGH-AluI^LV-bGHR-SspI^FY, and bGHR-SspI^FF-bIGF-1-SnaBI^BB genotypes. Thus, genotypes and diplotypes that have an increasing effect on meat productivity indicators had a positive effect on live weight, absolute and average daily gains, and vice versa, genotypes and diplotypes associated with low productive qualities of cattle were associated with the lowest growth rates; which confirms the expediency of their use as genetic markers.

The topic of the research is devoted to the study of the epizootic situation of contagious ectima of sheep and goats in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The main purpose of this work is to determine the epizootic situation of contagious ectima of small animals in some regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as to study the epizootic state of contagious ectima of sheep in other countries according to the available scientific literature.

In carrying out this research work, visualization methods were used (collection, analysis of veterinary reports, results of the results of blood analysis of small cattle in recent years in the studied regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan), PCR diagnostics was used, an ELISA test system was used to determine antibodies in sick animals, and the epizootological condition was determined by the ectim of sheep and goats.

In the course of the research work, the formation of epizootic units, zoning, regionalization and visualization of the results in the studied regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan were carried out.

As a result of the research work carried out, 4 unfavorable regions for the contagious ectima of sheep and goats for 2021 were identified: Aktobe, Turkestan, Zhambyl and Almaty regions, and the adjacent regions and districts of the Republic of Kazakhstan have the status of a medium-risk zone for the contagious ectima of sheep: these are West Kazakhstan, Mangystau, Kostanay, Kyzylorda, Karaganda and the East Kazakhstan region.

The obtained data can be used in the control of various live and inanimate vaccines with a complex composition of ingredients, including prolongators, stabilizers, sorbents, immunostimulants and to clarify the nature of their relationships in the composition of the final product, as well as for the full characteristics of the vaccine used or in the clarification of harmful and harmless, immunogenic, or reactogenic properties in vitro.

Residues capable of preserving in the form of fragments of the initial fibrillar structure of a separate biological substrate included in the vaccine as a biostimulator of a nonspecific immunity factor were identified.

  Thus, the study of the morphological composition of biological preparations on the model of a vaccine against avian pasteurellosis with a complex biochemical composition has shown the preservation of many microscopic structures, which allows us to judge the initial components of insoluble particles and detritus or their derivatives after complex biotechnological and biochemical processes in vitro.

The morphological composition of the vaccine substrate was studied using a Leica DM-400B digital microscope.

The inactivated vaccines against avian pasteurellosis that exist to date have not been tested and studied, with the exception of the inactivated vaccine against avian pasteurellosis proposed by the authors M.Umitzhanov, K.Zh.Kushaliev et. al. .

In other cases, we do not have the opportunity to talk about the preservation of microscopic structures of the inactivated vaccine proposed by other authors. This applies to the following biological preparations, in particular to the developed vaccines Gusev A.A., Rusaleev V.S., Sosnitsky A.I., Gnevashev V.M., Pruntova O.V.; Borodina O.V.; Leonova A.V.; Rozhdestvenskaya T.N.; Novikova O.B. For the above-mentioned inactivated vaccines, the authors do not describe morphologically the composition, but only provide information on their effectiveness.

Improvement of technology of cultivation of maize in The Northern Kazakhstan was based on the principles of soil-protective arable farming and harvesting silage was the main purpose.

The advanced technology with the use of early-maturing hybrids (FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) 150...199) on the basis of minimizing of the technological cycle has been developed in The North Kazakhstan Research Institute of Agriculture in the period from 1997 to 2015. The average output of absolutely dry substance for this period was 4.8 t/ha, that is 45.1% higher than in the previous period (1987-2008).

However, the advanced technology, based on the cultivation of the only silage crop (monoculture) can not exclude a sharp decrease of the yields in droughty years and in years when the summer is short and cool.

The silage conveyor as an alternative for monoculture of maize was substantiated by the selection of crops with different biological requirements for growth conditions. The yields of crops of the silage conveyor (sunflower - maize - sweet sorghum) was 5.14 t/ha (absolutely dry substance), that is 0.73 t/ha higher than the yields of monoculture of maize in the period from 2016 to 2019.

The main part of the territory of Kazakhstan is located in a sharply continental arid climate. On 80% of the territory of the republic, the amount of precipitation is not enough for the normal development of tilled crops, especially sugar beets, soybeans, and vegetables that are most demanding on moisture.

 Combined tools imported to the Republic of Kazakhstan from near and far abroad are not adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of Kazakhstan and are expensive.

The existing soil-cultivating implements (with working tools of a passive type, i.e. rigidly fixed to the frame or rotating under the influence of the soil reaction) consist in a small and practically uncontrolled degree of crumbling, the formation of a compacted “sole” below the cultivation zone, poor undercutting and destruction weeds, etc. In addition, to work with these implements, fairly heavy tractors are required, which have high traction forces and consume significant power for self-propelling. The listed shortcomings are very significant and have been known for a long time, and the fact that they have not yet been established casts doubt on the possibility of their elimination when using hordes with passive-type working ornans. Over the past 40-50 years, these tools have not changed technologically, practically[1, s.391].

Thus, the prerequisites for the widespread use of combined aggregates are the biological and agrotechnical compatibility of the simultaneous performance of a number of technological operations, the reduction in the number of passes of equipment across the field, and the reduction in labor and energy costs for the cultivation of agricultural crops. crops, and in particular, vegetables [2, s.17].

 The developed combined machine FS-2.1 is designed for pre-sowing tillage and sowing in one pass, which significantly reduces the level of costs compared to the traditional scheme for pre-sowing soil preparation and sowing. 

In agriculture, there are elements aimed at implementing promising tasks for the development of the agro-industrial complex. The standard of living of the population depends on the effective and targeted use of these elements. The Republic of Kazakhstan is currently one of the dynamically developing countries in the world. The country's successes include the gradual recovery from the crisis of its agricultural sector, which is an important factor in the development of the state's economy. During the years of economic reforms that have taken place in Kazakhstan in agricultural production, fundamental changes have taken place, and the non-state form of ownership has become predominant, creating conditions for the development of market relations. In the agricultural sector of Kazakhstan, in the process of market reforms, the predominance of small-scale production has been created. This requires a corresponding increase in the scale of production due to integrated processes that need to be developed among small agricultural businesses on the principles of rationality, reasonableness and efficiency in order to strengthen the financial, investment and factor-resource potential of domestic agricultural enterprises that can create conditions for them to increase the competitiveness of national agricultural products.