IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT

Madina Kumarbayeva; Alma Kokhmetova; Zhenis Keishilov; Ardak Bolatbekova; Kanat  Bakhytuly; Nadezhda Kovalenko

doi:10.37884/3-2025/30

Abstract

Wheat breeding plays a pivotal role in ensuring food security, as wheat ranks among the most demanded and widely cultivated cereal crops globally. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of a collection of wheat breeding lines, utilizing agronomic, phytopathological parameters, and molecular-genetic screening. The main traits are described in detail, including days to heading (ranging from 21 to 221 days, predominantly mid-season lines), plant height (92–134 cm), and NDVI biomass index (51–72.5), with emphasis on promising lines exhibiting high NDVI values (>70). Evaluation for yellow rust resistance identified seven immune and five moderately susceptible lines; approximately 60% of the genotypes displayed immunity to the causal agent of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. Resistance levels were classified according to the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC): resistant (AUDPC <200), moderately resistant (200–400), and susceptible (>400) groups. Molecular screening revealed the presence of the recessive tsn1 allele, associated with resistance to PtrToxA, in 18 lines (52.94%). Correlation analysis indicated mostly weak associations between agronomic traits and disease resistance, except for expected strong positive correlations among parameters related to a single disease. Statistical analysis demonstrated considerable variability and the presence of outliers in most traits, underscoring the necessity for robust analytical methods. The findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating conventional and modern assessment approaches for selecting promising wheat lines in breeding programs.

wheat tan spot stripe rust molecular markers resistance genes

01 Introduction

The full text of the article is available for download in PDF format on the right panel.

02 References

1. Rahmatov M., Otambekova M., Muminjanov H., Rouse M.N., Hovmøller M.S., Nazari K., Steffenson В.J., Johansson E. Characterization of stem, stripe and leaf rust resistance in Tajik bread wheat accessions // Euphytica. – 2019. – Vol. 215. – P. 55. doi: 10.1007/s10681-019-2377-6
2. FAO, 2023. Crop Prospects and Food Situation – Triannual Global Report No. 3, November 2023. Rome. doi: 10.4060/cc8566en
3. Mohanty, S.P.; Hughes, D.P.; Salathé, M. Using Deep Learning for Image-based plant disease detection. Front. Plant Sci. 2016, 7.
4. Kokhmetova A, Sharma R, Rsaliyev S, Galymbek K, Baymagambetova K, Ziyaev Z and Morgounov A, 2018a. Evaluation of Central Asian wheat germplasm for stripe rust resistance. Plant Genet. Resour. 16: 178–184.
5. Kokhmetova A, Ali S, Sapakhova Z and Atishova M, 2018b. Identification of genotypes-carriers of resistance to tan spot Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in common wheat collection. Vavilov. J. Genet. Breed. 22: 978–986.
6. Kokhmetova A, Atishova M, Madenova A and Kumarbayeva M, 2019. Genotyping of wheat germplasm for resistance to toxins of tan spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. J. Biotechnol. 305: 53.
7. Kumarbayeva M.T., Kohmetova A.M., Keishilov Zh.S., Malysheva A.A., Bolatbekova A.A. Identifikaciya istochnikov ustojchivosti k zheltoj rzhavchine (Puccinia striiformis westend f. sp. tritici) pshenicy v kollekcii ozimyh obrazcov //– Іzdenіster, nәtizheler – Issledovaniya, rezul'taty. – 2023. – №2 (98). – S. 89-101. DOI https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2023/09
8. Keishilov Zh.S., Kohmetova A.M., Kumarbaeva M.T., Bolatbekova A.A., Nұrzhұma M.N. Қazaқstannyң soltүstіk zhәne oңtүstіk oblystary bojynsha, bidajdyң pirenoforoz (pyrenophora tritici-repentis) auruyna zhүrgіzіlgen monitoringі // «Іzdenіster, nәtizheler-Issledovaniya, rezul'taty», –Almaty, 2024. № 2 – 74-84 bet. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2024/08
9. Kojshibaev M.K. Bolezni pshenicy. Ankara: FAO, 2018. – 365c.
10. Pardey, P.G., Beddow, J.M., Hurley, T.M., Beatty, T.K. and Eidman, V.R. (2014), A Bounds Analysis of World Food Futures: Global Agriculture Through to 2050. Aust J Agric Resour Econ, 58: 571-589.
11. Kojshibaev M.K. Bolezni zernovyh kul'tur. Simptomy, rasprostranenie i vredonosnost' boleznej, specializaciya, biol. osobennosti i struktura populyacij vozbuditelej i integrir. zashchita posevov. Almaty: Bastau, 2002. - 367 s.
12. Bock, C.H.; Poole, G.H.; Parker, P.E.; Gottwald, T.R. Plant disease severity estimated visually, by digital photography and image analysis, and by hyperspectral imaging. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 2010, 29, 59–107.
13. Ramalingam J., Raveendra Ch., Savitha P., Vidya V., Chaithra T.L., Velprabakaran S., Saraswathi R., Ramanathan A., Arumugam Pillai M.P., Arumugachamy S., Vanniarajan C. Gene Pyramiding for Achieving Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Blight, Blast, and Sheath Blight Diseases in Rice // Front. Plant Sci. – 2020. – Vol. 11. – P. 591457. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.591457
14. Saari E.E., Prescott L.M. A scale for appraising the foliar intensity of wheat diseases // Plant Dis.Reporter. – 1975. – Vol. 59. – P. 377-380.
15. Kremneva O.Y., Volkova G.V., 2007. Diagnostics and methods for assessing the wheat resistance to the causative agent of tan spot. Guidelines. Russian Agri- cultural Academy Printing House, Moscow (in Russian).
16. Peterson R.F., Campbell A.B., Hannah A.E. Adiagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals // Can. J. Res. Sect. – 1948. – Vol. C26. – P. 496-500.
17. Riede C.R., Anderson J.A. Linkage of RFLP markers to an aluminum tolerance gene in wheat // Crop Science. – 1996. – Vol. 36. – P. 905-909.
18. Chen X., Line R., Leung H. Genome scanning for resistance-gene analogs in rice, barley, and wheat by high-resolution electrophoresis // Theor. Appl. Genet. – 1998. – 97. – P. 345–355.
19. Faris, J.D., Zhang, Z., Lu, H., Lu S., Reddy L., Cloutier S., Fellers J.P., Meinhardt, S.W., Rasmussen, J.B., Xu, S.S., Oliver, R.P., Simons, K.J., Friesen, T.L. 2010. A unique wheat disease resistance-like gene governs eﬀector-triggered susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 107: 13544-13549. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1004090107.
20. Zhang, Z., Friesen, T.L., Simons, K.J., Xu, S.S., Faris, J.D. 2009. Development, identifcation, and validation of markers for marker assisted selection against the Stagonospora nodorum toxin sensitivity genes Tsn1 and Snn2 in wheat. Molecular Breeding 23: 35¬49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032¬008¬9211¬5.
21. Chu Ch.D., Lu L., Zhang T. Sensitivity of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to seasonal and Interannual climate conditions in the Lhasa area // Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. – 2007. – Vol. 79, №4 (39). – P. 635-641.

Citation Links

[1]2025. IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT. Izdenister natigeler. 3 (107) (Sep. 2025), 314–324. DOI:https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2025/30.

(1)IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT. Izdenister natigeler 2025, No. 3 (107), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2025/30.

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT. (2025). Izdenister Natigeler, 3 (107), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2025/30

IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT. Izdenister natigeler, [S. l.], n. 3 (107), p. 314–324, 2025. DOI: 10.37884/3-2025/30. Disponível em: https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1054. Acesso em: 15 sep. 2026.

“IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT”. 2025. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 3 (107) (September): 314-24. https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2025/30.

“IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT” (2025) Izdenister natigeler, (3 (107), pp. 314–324. doi:10.37884/3-2025/30.

[1]“IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT”, Izdenister natigeler, no. 3 (107), pp. 314–324, Sep. 2025, doi: 10.37884/3-2025/30.

“IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT”. Izdenister Natigeler, no. 3 (107), Sept. 2025, pp. 314-2, https://doi.org/10.37884/3-2025/30.

“IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT”. Izdenister natigeler, no. 3 (107) (September 30, 2025): 314–324. Accessed September 15, 2026. https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1054.

1.IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT. Izdenister natigeler [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 30 [cited 2026 Sep. 15];(3 (107):314-2. Available from: https://agrosoil.kaznaru.edu.kz/index.php/research/article/view/1054

1.IDENTIFICATION OF NEW SOURCES OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN WHEAT. Izdenister natigeler. 2025;(3 (107):314-324. doi:10.37884/3-2025/30

[1] 1. Rahmatov M., Otambekova M., Muminjanov H., Rouse M.N., Hovmøller M.S., Nazari K., Steffenson В.J., Johansson E. Characterization of stem, stripe and leaf rust resistance in Tajik bread wheat accessions // Euphytica. – 2019. – Vol. 215. – P. 55. doi: 10.1007/s10681-019-2377-6

[2] 2. FAO, 2023. Crop Prospects and Food Situation – Triannual Global Report No. 3, November 2023. Rome. doi: 10.4060/cc8566en

[3] 3. Mohanty, S.P.; Hughes, D.P.; Salathé, M. Using Deep Learning for Image-based plant disease detection. Front. Plant Sci. 2016, 7.

[4] 4. Kokhmetova A, Sharma R, Rsaliyev S, Galymbek K, Baymagambetova K, Ziyaev Z and Morgounov A, 2018a. Evaluation of Central Asian wheat germplasm for stripe rust resistance. Plant Genet. Resour. 16: 178–184.

[5] 5. Kokhmetova A, Ali S, Sapakhova Z and Atishova M, 2018b. Identification of genotypes-carriers of resistance to tan spot Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis in common wheat collection. Vavilov. J. Genet. Breed. 22: 978–986.

[6] 6. Kokhmetova A, Atishova M, Madenova A and Kumarbayeva M, 2019. Genotyping of wheat germplasm for resistance to toxins of tan spot Pyrenophora tritici-repentis. J. Biotechnol. 305: 53.

[7] 7. Kumarbayeva M.T., Kohmetova A.M., Keishilov Zh.S., Malysheva A.A., Bolatbekova A.A. Identifikaciya istochnikov ustojchivosti k zheltoj rzhavchine (Puccinia striiformis westend f. sp. tritici) pshenicy v kollekcii ozimyh obrazcov //– Іzdenіster, nәtizheler – Issledovaniya, rezul'taty. – 2023. – №2 (98). – S. 89-101. DOI https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2023/09

[8] 8. Keishilov Zh.S., Kohmetova A.M., Kumarbaeva M.T., Bolatbekova A.A., Nұrzhұma M.N. Қazaқstannyң soltүstіk zhәne oңtүstіk oblystary bojynsha, bidajdyң pirenoforoz (pyrenophora tritici-repentis) auruyna zhүrgіzіlgen monitoringі // «Іzdenіster, nәtizheler-Issledovaniya, rezul'taty», –Almaty, 2024. № 2 – 74-84 bet. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37884/2-2024/08

[9] 9. Kojshibaev M.K. Bolezni pshenicy. Ankara: FAO, 2018. – 365c.

[10] 10. Pardey, P.G., Beddow, J.M., Hurley, T.M., Beatty, T.K. and Eidman, V.R. (2014), A Bounds Analysis of World Food Futures: Global Agriculture Through to 2050. Aust J Agric Resour Econ, 58: 571-589.

[11] 11. Kojshibaev M.K. Bolezni zernovyh kul'tur. Simptomy, rasprostranenie i vredonosnost' boleznej, specializaciya, biol. osobennosti i struktura populyacij vozbuditelej i integrir. zashchita posevov. Almaty: Bastau, 2002. - 367 s.

[12] 12. Bock, C.H.; Poole, G.H.; Parker, P.E.; Gottwald, T.R. Plant disease severity estimated visually, by digital photography and image analysis, and by hyperspectral imaging. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 2010, 29, 59–107.

[13] 13. Ramalingam J., Raveendra Ch., Savitha P., Vidya V., Chaithra T.L., Velprabakaran S., Saraswathi R., Ramanathan A., Arumugam Pillai M.P., Arumugachamy S., Vanniarajan C. Gene Pyramiding for Achieving Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Blight, Blast, and Sheath Blight Diseases in Rice // Front. Plant Sci. – 2020. – Vol. 11. – P. 591457. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.591457

[14] 14. Saari E.E., Prescott L.M. A scale for appraising the foliar intensity of wheat diseases // Plant Dis.Reporter. – 1975. – Vol. 59. – P. 377-380.

[15] 15. Kremneva O.Y., Volkova G.V., 2007. Diagnostics and methods for assessing the wheat resistance to the causative agent of tan spot. Guidelines. Russian Agri- cultural Academy Printing House, Moscow (in Russian).

[16] 16. Peterson R.F., Campbell A.B., Hannah A.E. Adiagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stem of cereals // Can. J. Res. Sect. – 1948. – Vol. C26. – P. 496-500.

[17] 17. Riede C.R., Anderson J.A. Linkage of RFLP markers to an aluminum tolerance gene in wheat // Crop Science. – 1996. – Vol. 36. – P. 905-909.

[18] 18. Chen X., Line R., Leung H. Genome scanning for resistance-gene analogs in rice, barley, and wheat by high-resolution electrophoresis // Theor. Appl. Genet. – 1998. – 97. – P. 345–355.

[19] 19. Faris, J.D., Zhang, Z., Lu, H., Lu S., Reddy L., Cloutier S., Fellers J.P., Meinhardt, S.W., Rasmussen, J.B., Xu, S.S., Oliver, R.P., Simons, K.J., Friesen, T.L. 2010. A unique wheat disease resistance-like gene governs eﬀector-triggered susceptibility to necrotrophic pathogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 107: 13544-13549. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1004090107.

[20] 20. Zhang, Z., Friesen, T.L., Simons, K.J., Xu, S.S., Faris, J.D. 2009. Development, identifcation, and validation of markers for marker assisted selection against the Stagonospora nodorum toxin sensitivity genes Tsn1 and Snn2 in wheat. Molecular Breeding 23: 35¬49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032¬008¬9211¬5.

[21] 21. Chu Ch.D., Lu L., Zhang T. Sensitivity of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to seasonal and Interannual climate conditions in the Lhasa area // Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. – 2007. – Vol. 79, №4 (39). – P. 635-641.